Overview of Race/Ethnicity-Specific Associations Between SDoH Score and Na/K Ratio. To evaluate the effect of social determinants of health (SDoH) on sodium-potassium ratio disparities, we constructed an aggregated SDoH score ranging from 0 to 7, incorporating seven binary variables: education level, employment status, income-to-poverty ratio, food security, access to healthcare, health insurance, and marital status. Non-Hispanic White and Asian participants had distributions skewed toward lower scores (predominantly around 1), while non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, Other Hispanic, and Other racial/ethnic groups showed peak distributions around a score of 4 (Figure 1). Trends in sodium-potassium ratios across SDoH scores also differed by group: while non-Hispanic White, Asian, Black, and Other participants demonstrated a rising trend in sodium-potassium ratio with increasing SDoH scores, Mexican American and Other Hispanic groups showed relatively stable ratios across the score range (Figure 2).